XSLT 浏览器学习笔记
本文档旨在介绍XSLT浏览器的使用方法和常见应用场景。在阅读本文档之前建议您已经具备HTML和CSS的基础知识。
什么是XSLT浏览器?
XSLT浏览器是一种能够将XML文档转换为HTML或其他格式的浏览器,它使用XSLT(eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)作为转换语言。通过使用XSLT,我们可以对XML文档进行各种形式的转换,例如将XML文档转换为HTML表格、列表、图像等。
XSLT浏览器的常见应用场景
- 将XML文档转换为HTML页面展示
- 将XML文档转换为PDF文档
- 将XML文档转换为Word文档
- 将XML文档中的数据提取出来并储存到数据库中
如何使用XSLT浏览器?
步骤一:创建一个XML文档
首先,我们需要创建一个XML文档,例如以下的book.xml文件:
xmlCopy Code<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<catalog>
<book id="001">
<author>John Doe</author>
<title>The Book of John</title>
<genre>Fiction</genre>
<price>19.95</price>
<publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
<description>An inspirational story about a man named John.</description>
</book>
<book id="002">
<author>Jane Smith</author>
<title>The Book of Jane</title>
<genre>Non-fiction</genre>
<price>29.99</price>
<publish_date>2001-12-16</publish_date>
<description>A factual book about the life of Jane Smith.</description>
</book>
</catalog>
步骤二:创建一个XSLT样式表
接下来,我们需要编写一个XSLT样式表(例如:book.xsl),用于将XML文档转换为需要的格式,例如以下的book.html文件:
xmlCopy Code<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<h2>Books Catalog</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
<th>ID</th>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Author</th>
<th>Genre</th>
<th>Price</th>
<th>Publish Date</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="catalog/book">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="@id"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="author"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="genre"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="publish_date"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="description"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
步骤三:在浏览器中打开转换后的文件
用XSLT将XML转换为HTML,我们需要将以上两个文件一起打开。打开book.html文件并在浏览器中查看。
XSLT浏览器的实例演示
实例一:将XML文件转换为HTML表格
以下是一个简单的例子,我们将一个名为"books.xml"的文件转换为一个HTML表格:
books.xml文件
xmlCopy Code<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<books>
<book>
<author>J.K. Rowling</author>
<title>Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</title>
<price>£10.99</price>
</book>
<book>
<author>C.S. Lewis</author>
<title>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</title>
<price>£5.99</price>
</book>
</books>
books.xsl文件
xmlCopy Code<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<h2>Books Catalog</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Author</th>
<th>Price</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="books/book">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="author"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
结果
打开books.html文件,您将看到以下HTML表格:
Title | Author | Price |
---|---|---|
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone | J.K. Rowling | £10.99 |
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | C.S. Lewis | £5.99 |
实例二:使用XSLT浏览器将XML转换为PDF
我们可以使用一款名为"Apache FOP(Formatting Objects Processor)"的软件来将XML文件转换为PDF。以下是一个简单的例子:
books.xml文件
(同样的books.xml文件)
books.xsl文件
xmlCopy Code<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<!-- Define layout for title page -->
<xsl:template name="titlepage">
<fo:block text-align="center" font-size="36pt" font-weight="bold" space-before="50mm" space-after="15mm">
<xsl:value-of select="name"/>
</fo:block>
<fo:block text-align="center" font-size="24pt" space-after="25mm">
<xsl:value-of select="title"/>
</fo:block>
<fo:block text-align="center" font-size="18pt">
<xsl:value-of select="author"/>
</fo:block>
</xsl:template>
<!-- Define layout for table of contents -->
<xsl:template name="toc">
<fo:block text-align="center" font-size="24pt" font-weight="bold" space-after="20mm">
Table of Contents
</fo:block>
<fo:list-block provisional-distance-between-starts="40mm" space-after="10mm">
<xsl:for-each select="//book">
<fo:list-item space-after="3mm">
<fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
<fo:block>
<xsl:number format="1."/>
</fo:block>
</fo:list-item-label>
<fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
<fo:block color="blue" font-style="italic">
<xsl:value-of select="title"/>
</fo:block>
<fo:block>
<xsl:value-of select="author"/>
</fo:block>
<fo:block>
<xsl:value-of select="price"/>
</fo:block>
</fo:list-item-body>
</fo:list-item>
</xsl:for-each>
</fo:list-block>
</xsl:template>
<!-- Define layout for book content -->
<xsl:template name="book">
<fo:block font-size="18pt" font-weight="bold" space-before="10mm" space-after="5mm">
<xsl:value-of select="title"/>
</fo:block>
<fo:block space-before="5mm" space-after="5mm">
<xsl:value-of select="author"/>
</fo:block>
<fo:block>
<xsl:value-of select="price"/>
</fo:block>
</xsl:template>
<!-- Define layout for entire document -->
<xsl:template match="/">
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="titlepage"
page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21cm" margin-top="2cm"
margin-bottom="2cm" margin-left="2cm" margin-right="2cm">
<fo:region-body/>
</fo:simple-page-master>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="toc"
page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21cm" margin-top="2cm"
margin-bottom="2cm" margin-left="2cm" margin-right="2cm">
<fo:region-body/>
<fo:region-after extent="15mm"/>
</fo:simple-page-master>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="book"
page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21cm" margin-top="2cm"
margin-bottom="2cm" margin-left="2cm" margin-right="2cm">
<fo:region-body/>
<fo:region-before extent="20mm"/>
</fo:simple-page-master>
<fo:page-sequence-master master-name="document">
<fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives>
<fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="titlepage"
page-position="first"/>
<fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="toc"
odd-or-even="even"/>
<fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="book"
odd-or-even="odd"/>
</fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives>
</fo:page-sequence-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:page-sequence master-reference="document">
<xsl:call-template name="titlepage"/>
</fo:page-sequence>
<fo:page-sequence master-reference="document">
<xsl:call-template name="toc"/>
</fo:page-sequence>
<xsl:for-each select="//book">
<fo:page-sequence master-reference="document">
<xsl:call-template name="book"/>
</fo:page-sequence>
</xsl:for-each>
</fo:root>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
结果
将books.xml和books.xsl文件一起在XSLT浏览器中打开,然后将其转换为PDF文件,您将看到一个包含书名、作者和价格的漂亮的PDF文档。
总结
通过本文档的介绍,您应该了解到XSLT浏览器的用途、使用方法以及常见应用场景。希望本文对您的学习有所帮助。