XSLT 浏览器学习笔记

本文档旨在介绍XSLT浏览器的使用方法和常见应用场景。在阅读本文档之前建议您已经具备HTML和CSS的基础知识。

什么是XSLT浏览器?

XSLT浏览器是一种能够将XML文档转换为HTML或其他格式的浏览器,它使用XSLT(eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)作为转换语言。通过使用XSLT,我们可以对XML文档进行各种形式的转换,例如将XML文档转换为HTML表格、列表、图像等。

XSLT浏览器的常见应用场景

  1. 将XML文档转换为HTML页面展示
  2. 将XML文档转换为PDF文档
  3. 将XML文档转换为Word文档
  4. 将XML文档中的数据提取出来并储存到数据库中

如何使用XSLT浏览器?

步骤一:创建一个XML文档

首先,我们需要创建一个XML文档,例如以下的book.xml文件:

xmlCopy Code
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <catalog> <book id="001"> <author>John Doe</author> <title>The Book of John</title> <genre>Fiction</genre> <price>19.95</price> <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date> <description>An inspirational story about a man named John.</description> </book> <book id="002"> <author>Jane Smith</author> <title>The Book of Jane</title> <genre>Non-fiction</genre> <price>29.99</price> <publish_date>2001-12-16</publish_date> <description>A factual book about the life of Jane Smith.</description> </book> </catalog>

步骤二:创建一个XSLT样式表

接下来,我们需要编写一个XSLT样式表(例如:book.xsl),用于将XML文档转换为需要的格式,例如以下的book.html文件:

xmlCopy Code
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>Books Catalog</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>ID</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Author</th> <th>Genre</th> <th>Price</th> <th>Publish Date</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/book"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="@id"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="author"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="genre"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="publish_date"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="description"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

步骤三:在浏览器中打开转换后的文件

用XSLT将XML转换为HTML,我们需要将以上两个文件一起打开。打开book.html文件并在浏览器中查看。

XSLT浏览器的实例演示

实例一:将XML文件转换为HTML表格

以下是一个简单的例子,我们将一个名为"books.xml"的文件转换为一个HTML表格:

books.xml文件

xmlCopy Code
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <books> <book> <author>J.K. Rowling</author> <title>Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</title> <price>£10.99</price> </book> <book> <author>C.S. Lewis</author> <title>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</title> <price>£5.99</price> </book> </books>

books.xsl文件

xmlCopy Code
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>Books Catalog</h2> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Author</th> <th>Price</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="books/book"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="author"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

结果

打开books.html文件,您将看到以下HTML表格:

Title Author Price
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone J.K. Rowling £10.99
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe C.S. Lewis £5.99

实例二:使用XSLT浏览器将XML转换为PDF

我们可以使用一款名为"Apache FOP(Formatting Objects Processor)"的软件来将XML文件转换为PDF。以下是一个简单的例子:

books.xml文件

(同样的books.xml文件)

books.xsl文件

xmlCopy Code
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <!-- Define layout for title page --> <xsl:template name="titlepage"> <fo:block text-align="center" font-size="36pt" font-weight="bold" space-before="50mm" space-after="15mm"> <xsl:value-of select="name"/> </fo:block> <fo:block text-align="center" font-size="24pt" space-after="25mm"> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> </fo:block> <fo:block text-align="center" font-size="18pt"> <xsl:value-of select="author"/> </fo:block> </xsl:template> <!-- Define layout for table of contents --> <xsl:template name="toc"> <fo:block text-align="center" font-size="24pt" font-weight="bold" space-after="20mm"> Table of Contents </fo:block> <fo:list-block provisional-distance-between-starts="40mm" space-after="10mm"> <xsl:for-each select="//book"> <fo:list-item space-after="3mm"> <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()"> <fo:block> <xsl:number format="1."/> </fo:block> </fo:list-item-label> <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()"> <fo:block color="blue" font-style="italic"> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> </fo:block> <fo:block> <xsl:value-of select="author"/> </fo:block> <fo:block> <xsl:value-of select="price"/> </fo:block> </fo:list-item-body> </fo:list-item> </xsl:for-each> </fo:list-block> </xsl:template> <!-- Define layout for book content --> <xsl:template name="book"> <fo:block font-size="18pt" font-weight="bold" space-before="10mm" space-after="5mm"> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> </fo:block> <fo:block space-before="5mm" space-after="5mm"> <xsl:value-of select="author"/> </fo:block> <fo:block> <xsl:value-of select="price"/> </fo:block> </xsl:template> <!-- Define layout for entire document --> <xsl:template match="/"> <fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"> <fo:layout-master-set> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="titlepage" page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21cm" margin-top="2cm" margin-bottom="2cm" margin-left="2cm" margin-right="2cm"> <fo:region-body/> </fo:simple-page-master> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="toc" page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21cm" margin-top="2cm" margin-bottom="2cm" margin-left="2cm" margin-right="2cm"> <fo:region-body/> <fo:region-after extent="15mm"/> </fo:simple-page-master> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="book" page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21cm" margin-top="2cm" margin-bottom="2cm" margin-left="2cm" margin-right="2cm"> <fo:region-body/> <fo:region-before extent="20mm"/> </fo:simple-page-master> <fo:page-sequence-master master-name="document"> <fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives> <fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="titlepage" page-position="first"/> <fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="toc" odd-or-even="even"/> <fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="book" odd-or-even="odd"/> </fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives> </fo:page-sequence-master> </fo:layout-master-set> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="document"> <xsl:call-template name="titlepage"/> </fo:page-sequence> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="document"> <xsl:call-template name="toc"/> </fo:page-sequence> <xsl:for-each select="//book"> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="document"> <xsl:call-template name="book"/> </fo:page-sequence> </xsl:for-each> </fo:root> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

结果

将books.xml和books.xsl文件一起在XSLT浏览器中打开,然后将其转换为PDF文件,您将看到一个包含书名、作者和价格的漂亮的PDF文档。

总结

通过本文档的介绍,您应该了解到XSLT浏览器的用途、使用方法以及常见应用场景。希望本文对您的学习有所帮助。